Resources & Insights

White papers, regulatory guides, use cases, and analysis on eliminating the irreversibility gap in modern financial systems.

White Papers

Technical deep dives into liquidity optimization, pre-settlement controls, and the architecture of irreversibility gap elimination.

White Paper

Eliminating the Irreversibility Gap: A Technical Framework

Comprehensive overview of the irreversibility gap problem in modern payment systems. Covers SIC IP architecture, pre-settlement visibility, automated control gates, and capital optimization strategies for banks and fintechs.

📄 32 pages ⏱️ 25 min read 📅 Dec 2025
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White Paper

Real-Time Liquidity Control for Basel III Compliance

BCBS 248 principles for sound management of intraday liquidity risk. How automated monitoring, stress testing, and predictive controls enable full compliance while releasing trapped capital.

📄 28 pages ⏱️ 22 min read 📅 Nov 2025
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White Paper

Blockchain Solvency Proofs: Zero-Knowledge Reserve Attestation

Privacy-preserving cryptographic methods for proving cryptocurrency exchange solvency in real-time. Technical architecture for hot wallet optimization and continuous attestation without wallet exposure.

📄 24 pages ⏱️ 20 min read 📅 Oct 2025
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Regulatory Guides

Practical guides for compliance with BCBS 248, ECB guidelines, FINMA requirements, and international liquidity risk standards.

Regulatory Guide

BCBS 248 Compliance Checklist for Banks

Step-by-step implementation guide for Basel Committee principles on intraday liquidity management. Includes monitoring templates, stress test scenarios, and reporting frameworks.

📄 18 pages ⏱️ 15 min read 📅 Jan 2026
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Regulatory Guide

Swiss FINMA Liquidity Requirements: SIC IP Edition

FINMA-specific guidance for Swiss banks using SIC instant payments. Covers operational risk, business continuity, and real-time monitoring obligations for instant payment participants.

📄 16 pages ⏱️ 12 min read 📅 Dec 2025
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Regulatory Guide

ECB Liquidity Stress Testing: Practical Implementation

European Central Bank expectations for liquidity risk stress testing. Sample scenarios, model calibration approaches, and automated testing frameworks for TARGET2 participants.

📄 22 pages ⏱️ 18 min read 📅 Nov 2025
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Regulatory Guide

Instant Payments & Regulatory Risk: Global Landscape 2026

Comparative analysis of instant payment regulations across Switzerland, EU, US (FedNow), and Asia-Pacific. Risk management requirements, settlement finality rules, and liquidity obligations.

📄 34 pages ⏱️ 28 min read 📅 Jan 2026
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Use Cases

Real-world scenarios showing how VILIGENCE eliminates the irreversibility gap for different financial institutions and payment types.

Use Case

CCP Margin Call vs. Nostro Transfer Priority

Swiss Bank Treasury Operations

The Problem

A Swiss bank faces simultaneous demands: CHF 45M CCP margin call (urgent) and CHF 30M routine nostro account funding. With CHF 60M available liquidity and SIC IP irreversibility, the bank must choose. Approving the nostro transfer first would trap capital for 2-3 hours, forcing expensive emergency funding for the margin call. Manual decision process takes 15-20 minutes, during which market volatility increases margin requirements.

The VILIGENCE Solution

VILIGENCE's pre-settlement gates intercept both transactions before finality. The system evaluates priority rules (CCP margin = critical, nostro = routine), checks real-time liquidity position (CHF 60M available), and automatically approves the CHF 45M margin call while deferring the nostro transfer to the next liquidity window. Decision completes in <1ms. Predictive engine confirms CHF 55M inbound payment arriving in 45 minutes, scheduling nostro transfer automatically. No manual intervention required.

Results

CHF 0
Emergency Funding Cost
<1ms
Decision Time (vs. 15-20min)
100%
Margin Call Success Rate
CHF 1.2M
Annual Savings (Avoided Costs)
Use Case

Weekend SIC IP Liquidity Buffer Optimization

Swiss Retail Bank

The Problem

A retail bank maintains CHF 85M in contingency reserves every Friday to cover weekend SIC IP instant payments (Saturday morning retail activity can spike unpredictably). This capital sits idle from Friday 5pm to Monday 8am—60+ hours. With 5% cost of funds, that's CHF 56K opportunity cost per weekend, or CHF 2.9M annually. The bank can't reduce buffers due to SIC IP irreversibility: once a payment is approved, it settles immediately and cannot be recalled if liquidity deteriorates.

The VILIGENCE Solution

VILIGENCE's ML model analyzes 2 years of weekend payment patterns, identifying that 95% of Saturday mornings require <CHF 30M in liquidity. Pre-settlement gates allow the bank to reduce Friday buffer to CHF 32M while maintaining safety. As Saturday payments arrive, each is evaluated against real-time position. If a spike occurs, gates defer non-urgent payments by 30-60 minutes until liquidity improves. Predictive engine provides 4-hour lookahead, ensuring sufficient reserves for anticipated activity. Bank deploys released CHF 53M into overnight markets, earning returns instead of holding idle capital.

Results

CHF 53M
Capital Released (62%)
CHF 2.6M
Annual Earnings on Released Capital
99.7%
Payment Approval Rate (No Delays)
8 weeks
Payback Period
Use Case

Correspondent Banking Liquidity Drawdowns

International Bank

The Problem

An international bank provides correspondent banking services to 45 smaller institutions. Clients can draw on pre-approved credit lines via SIC IP for urgent liquidity needs. The bank maintains CHF 120M in reserves to cover potential simultaneous drawdowns, but historical analysis shows peak usage is only CHF 48M. CHF 72M is over-provisioned, but the bank cannot predict which clients will draw when. SIC IP's irreversibility means that once a drawdown is approved, funds are gone immediately—no ability to manage aggregate exposure in real-time.

The VILIGENCE Solution

VILIGENCE monitors all 45 correspondent relationships in real-time. Pre-settlement gates evaluate each drawdown request against: (1) client's remaining credit limit, (2) aggregate exposure across all clients, (3) bank's current liquidity position, and (4) predicted inflows in next 2 hours. System approves urgent drawdowns immediately but defers non-urgent requests by 15-30 minutes to smooth aggregate demand. Predictive engine forecasts daily drawdown patterns with 96% accuracy, allowing dynamic reserve sizing. Bank reduces buffer from CHF 120M to CHF 52M while maintaining 100% client service levels. Released CHF 68M deployed to higher-yield activities.

Results

CHF 68M
Capital Released (57%)
100%
Client Service Maintained
96%
Drawdown Prediction Accuracy
CHF 3.4M
Annual Value Created
Use Case

Crypto Exchange Hot Wallet Reserve Optimization

Digital Asset Platform

The Problem

A cryptocurrency exchange maintains $75M in hot wallets (Bitcoin, Ethereum) to handle customer withdrawals. Historical peak withdrawal demand is $18M per day, but the exchange holds 4x reserves due to blockchain irreversibility and security concerns. Once a withdrawal is broadcast to the blockchain, it cannot be recalled. Exchange wants to reduce hot wallet exposure (security risk) but fears being unable to meet customer demand during volatile market periods. Manual cold-to-hot wallet transfers take 45-90 minutes due to security protocols. $57M in excess reserves represents opportunity cost and elevated security risk.

The VILIGENCE Solution

VILIGENCE provides real-time solvency proofs using zero-knowledge cryptography, allowing the exchange to prove reserves without exposing wallet addresses. Pre-settlement gates evaluate each withdrawal request against: (1) current hot wallet balance, (2) pending withdrawals in mempool, (3) predicted demand for next 4 hours, and (4) cold wallet transfer status. System approves withdrawals up to safe threshold, then triggers automated cold-to-hot sweeps when reserves drop below 20% buffer. Predictive engine forecasts withdrawal spikes during market volatility, pre-positioning liquidity. Exchange reduces hot wallet holdings from $75M to $22M (1.2x peak demand) while maintaining 100% customer service and continuous solvency attestation.

Results

$53M
Hot Wallet Reduction (71%)
71%
Security Risk Reduction
24/7
Real-Time Solvency Proofs
100%
Withdrawal Success Rate

Blog & Analysis

Insights, commentary, and analysis on liquidity management, payment systems, and financial technology trends.

Article

The Hidden Cost of Instant Payments: Why SIC IP Demands New Liquidity Controls

Swiss banks are discovering that instant payment adoption comes with a hidden cost: the irreversibility gap. As SIC IP volumes grow, traditional liquidity management approaches break down. We explore why real-time control is no longer optional—it's essential for survival in the instant payment era.

📝 Blog Post ⏱️ 8 min read 📅 Jan 2026
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Article

Beyond Proof-of-Reserves: The Case for Continuous Cryptographic Attestation

Periodic proof-of-reserves snapshots are no longer sufficient for crypto exchanges post-FTX. We argue for continuous, real-time solvency attestation using zero-knowledge proofs. How privacy-preserving cryptography can restore trust without exposing security vulnerabilities.

📝 Blog Post ⏱️ 10 min read 📅 Dec 2025
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Article

Machine Learning for Liquidity Forecasting: From 70% to 95% Accuracy

Traditional liquidity forecasting relies on simple moving averages and seasonal adjustments, achieving 70-75% accuracy. Modern ML models can reach 95%+ by incorporating external signals, market volatility, and behavioral patterns. Technical deep dive into our predictive engine architecture.

📝 Blog Post ⏱️ 12 min read 📅 Nov 2025
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